President: Ram Baran Yadav (2008)
Prime Minister: Sushil Koirala (2014)
Land area: 52,819 sq mi (136,801 sq km); total area: 54,363 sq mi (140,800 sq km)
Population (2014 est.): 30,986,975 (growth rate: 1.82 birth rate: 21.07/1000; infant mortality rate: 40.43/1000; life expectancy: 67.19
Capital and largest city (2011 est.):Kathmandu, 1.015 million
Other large cities: Biratnagar, 174,600; Lalitpur, 169,100
Monetary unit: Nepalese rupee
Languages: Nepali (official) 44.6%, Maithali 11.7%, Bhojpuri 6%, Tharu 5.8%, Tamang 5.1%, Newar 3.2%, Magar 3%, Bajjika 3%, Urdu 2.6%, Avadhi 1.9%, Limbu 1.3%, Gurung 1.2%, other 10.4%, unspecified 0.2% note: 123 languages reported as mother tongue in 2011 national census; many in government and business also speak English (2011 est.)
Ethnicity/race: Chhettri 16.6%, Brahman-Hill 12.2%, Magar 7.1%, Tharu 6.6%, Tamang 5.8%, Newar 5%, Kami 4.8%, Muslim 4.4%, Yadav 4%, Rai 2.3%, Gurung 2%, Damai/Dholii 1.8%, Thakuri 1.6%, Limbu 1.5%, Sarki 1.4%, Teli 1.4%, Chamar/Harijan/Ram 1.3%, Koiri/Kushwaha 1.2%, other 19% note: 125 caste/ethnic groups were reported in the 2011 national census (2011 est.)
Religions: Hindu 81.3%, Buddhist 9%, Muslim 4.4%, Kirant 3.1%, Christian 1.4%, other 0.5%, unspecifed 0.2% (2011 est.)
Literacy rate: 57.4% (2011 est.)
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2013 est.): $42.06 billion; per capita $1,500. Real growth rate: 3.6%. Inflation:9.5% (2012). Unemployment: 46% (2008 est.). Arable land: 16%. Agriculture: rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, root crops; milk, water buffalo meat. Labor force: 16 million; note: severe lack of skilled labor (2011 est.); agriculture 75%, industry 7%, services 18%. Industries: tourism, carpet, textile; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarettes, cement and brick production. Natural resources: quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore. Exports: $1.06 billion (2013 est.): carpets, clothing, leather goods, jute goods, grain. Imports: $6.329 billion (2013 est.): gold, machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer.Major trading partners: India, U.S., Germany, China, Indonesia (2006).
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